History of the United States Patent Office
The Patent Office Pony
A History of the Early Patent Office
Appendix

[Pg 207]
APPENDIX
SOME CIVIL WAR ERA PATENTS

LIST OF ALL KNOWN PATENTS ISSUED BY CONFEDERATE PATENT OFFICE (What may have been issued after 01/01/1865 is unknown), where * precedes an alternate version in CSA Patent Office Reports [footnote 1]

Patent number, issue date, inventor, address, title of invention

1	08/01/1861	J.H. Van Houten of Savannah, GA for Breech
		Loading Gun
2	08/01/1861	Charles E. Brown of Staunton, VA for
		Stirrups
3	08/05/1861	George B. Sloat of Richmond, VA for Sewing
		Machine Stand, Design
4	08/05/1861	George B. Sloat of Richmond, VA for Work Box
		for Sewing Machine, Design
5	08/06/1861	R.W. Habersham of Beaufort, SC for Sabre
		Lance
6	08/08/1861	James W. Frazier of Frazierville, SC for
		Wheels for Steamboats
7	08/07/1861	John M. Walden of Fort Valley, GA for Switch
		for Railroads
8	08/10/1861	Phidello Hall of Springfield, TX for
		Automatic Breech Loading Gun
9	08/12/1861	Thomas W. Cofer of Portsmouth, VA for
		Revolving Pistol
10	08/13/1861	John D. Evans of Pleasant Hill, GA for
		Plough
11	08/15/1861	Armand Preot of Gravel Hill, VA for Lance or
		Pike, Attaching to Guns
12	08/17/1861	Frederick J. Gardner of Newbern, NC for
		Cartridges
13	08/23/1861	J.R. (*P.R.) Clements of Eufala, AL for
		Water Wheels for Mills
14	08/24/1861	Victor Armant of New Orleans, LA for
		Apparatus for Clarifying Sugar-Cane Juice
15	08/26/1861	J.L. Jones of Tallyhoe, NC for Carriage
		Wheels
16	08/27/1861	J.D. Stewart (*Steward) of Jackson, MS for
		Sash Fastener
17	08/29/1861	W.J. Cheshire of Colquitt, GA for Plough
18	09/02/1861	E. Boyle, T. Gamble and E. Macfee of
		Richmond, VA for Sword Bayonet Attaching
		to Guns
19	09/03/1861	James H. Harkut (*Carcut) of Natchez, MS for
		Manufacture of Cannon
20	09/07/1861	J.S. Boothby of Savannah, GA for Tanning
21	09/14/1861	James P. Rankin of Marion, NC for Breech
		Loading Gun
22	09/16/1861	Isaac Beirfield of Newberry C.H., SC for
		Tanning
[Pg 208]
23	09/19/1861	Ed. Gotthiell of New Orleans, LA for
		Percussion Fuses
24	09/27/1861	E.T. Ligon of Demopolis, AL for Breech
		Loading Firearms
25	09/28/1861	Benjamin Winter of Buckingham C.H., VA for
		Winnowing Machine
26	10/01/1861	John R. Spilman (*Spillman) of Warrenton, VA
		for Cartridge Paper
27	10/02/1861	John R. Spilman (*Spillman) of Warrenton, VA
		for Device for Making Cartridges
28	10/02/1861	James S. Allums of Cussetta, GA for Cotton
		Presses
29	10/04/1861	James Lynch of Petersburg, VA for Cannon
30	10/07/1861	Arthur E. Hall of South Quay, VA for Camp
		Bedstead
31	10/10/1861	E.J. Park of Memphis, TN for Tanning
32	10/08/1861	E.N. Davis of Holly Springs, MS for Cotton
		Ties
33	10/11/1861	Robert C. Bernard of Rocky Mount, VA for
		Gate Fasteners
34	10/15/1861	Joseph Thomas of Batesville, AR for Bullet
		Moulds
35	10/15/1861	Daniel Oswalt of Cubahatachie, AL for Breech
		Loading Cannon
36	09/01/1861	(*09/10/1861) Alfred G. Hearn of
		Arkadelphia, AR for Machine for Measuring
		Distances
37	10/24/1861	Hannibal S. Blood of New Orleans, LA for
		Switches and Turntables for Horse
		Railroads
38	10/29/1861	R.C. Howe of Richmond, VA for Camp Chest and
		Bedstead Combined
39	10/30/1861	Henry C. Goodrich of Augusta, GA for Camp
		Cot
40	10/02/1861	John P. Gorman of Charlestown, VA for
		Cartridge Boxes
41	11/07/1861	William W. Rickenbacker of Beaufort, SC for
		Camp Chest and Bed Combined
42	11/07/1861	Cornelius Cox of Cahaba, AL for Cotton
		Cleaner
43	11/11/1861	T.W. Moore of Person Co., NC for Plough
44	11/11/1861	M.A. McLeod of Thibodaux, LA for Apparatus
		for Clarifying Sugar-Cane Juice
45	11/20/1861	George W. Peabody of Columbus, GA for
		Waterproof Composition
46	11/21/1861	R.W. Biggs of Jacksonville, FL for Plough
47	11/22/1861	Andrew Day of Woodville, MS for Plough
48	11/26/1861	John N. Gradick of Fayetteville, AL for
		Washing Machine
49	07/23/1861	L.B. Woolfork of Goodlettsville, TN for
		Steam Plough
50	11/21/1861	John Schley of Savannah, GA for Horse Power
51	11/27/1861	Columbus A. Rose of Columbia, AL for Hoes
[Pg 209]
52	11/27/1861	(*11/07/1861) B.B. & W.H Stephens of
		Dallas, LA for Corn and Cottonstalk Cutter
		and Puller
53	12/06/1861	Louise Grady of Norfolk, VA for Washing
		Machine
54	10/07/1861	John M. White of Citrouille, AL for Breech
		Loading Guns
55	10/11/1861	Marcus A. Tarleton of New Orleans, LA for
		Cotton Ties
56	10/14/1861	Henry Domler of Wilmington, NC for Military
		Cap
57	10/31/1861	W.B. Martin of Fayetteville, TN for Sewing
		Machine
58	01/02/1862	(*01/21/1861) Carl Laquequist of Macon, GA
		for Breech Loading Guns
59	01/04/1862	J.S. Peete of Tipton, TN for Cotton Ties
60	01/07/1862	Jacob B. and William L. Platt of Augusta, GA
		for Camp Cots
61	01/08/1862	J. Nichols and J. Bennett, assignors to F.
		Smith of Memphis, TN for Submarine Battery
62	01/09/1862	R.P. Moore and N. Thompson of Box Springs,
		GA for Mosquito and Fly Brush Machine
63	01/09/1862	A.P. (*A.R.) Routt of Somerset, VA for Seed
		Planter
64	01/09/1862	John B. Wand of Memphis, TN for Waterproof
		Cloth
65	01/20/1862	G.W. Dolbey of Carrollton, MS for Bellows
66	01/29/1862	John Wells of Holly Springs, MS for Cotton
		Press
67	01/31/1862	James Peeler of Bartow, GA for Ploughs
68	02/01/1862	M.G. (*G.M.) Rhodes and A. Bingham of
		Talladega, AL for Wooden Bottomed Shoes
69	02/03/1862	G.W. Dolbey of Carrollton (*Carrolton), MS
		for Machine for Shrinking Wagon Tires
70	01/07/1862	R. Archer of Richmond, VA for Percussion
		Fuse
71	02/05/1862	J.F. Finger of Marion C.H., SC (*VA) for
		Portable Saw Mill
72	02/05/1862	John Dove of Lauderdale (*Lunderdale) Sta.,
		MS for Cotton Cleaning Machine
73	02/05/1862	A. Knapp of Mobile, AL for Mosquito and Fly
		Repelling Machine
74	02/15/1862	William Spillman of Mobile, AL for Machine
		for Making Lead Pipes and Bars
75	02/21/1862	Benjamin Dennis of Scottsdale, VA for
		Evaporator
76	02/25/1862	John D. Love of Wilmington, NC for
		Combination Bedstead
77	02/28/1862	William Conner of Natchez, MS for Cotton Tie
78	02/28/1862	Abraham Hagar of New Orleans, LA for Bagasse
		Furnace
79	03/11/1862	C.V. Littlepage of Austin, TX for Bullet
		Machine
[Pg 210]
80	03/07/1862	B.C. Hattox of Little Rock, AR for Tanning
81	03/14/1862	T.S. (*T.C.) Copes of New Orleans, LA for
		Cotton Tie
82	03/14/1862	Thomas Dale of Russellville, KY for Device
		for Replacing Locomotives on Railroad Cars
83	03/21/1862	P.R. (*R.P.) Clements of Eufala, AL for
		Looms
84	03/21/1862	Charles E. Stuart, J.C. Owing and J.H.C.
		Taylor of Alexandria, VA for Instrument
		for Sighting Cannon
85	03/24/1862	Gardner Smith of New Orleans, LA for Rail
		for Railroad Cars (*Curves)
86	03/25/1862	John M. Morehead of Greensboro, NC for
		Heating Apparatus
87	03/29/1862	John E. Pattison of Houma, LA for Apparatus
		for Clarifying Cane Juice
88	04/14/1862	Augustus McBurthe of Richmond, VA for Mode
		of Manufacturing Scabbards
89	05/05/1862	William Hicks of Henderson, TX for Pumps
90	05/10/1862	E.B. Stephens, assignor to J.A. Van Lew of
		Charleston, SC for Portable Flat Boat
91	05/10/1862	J.W. Howlett of Greensboro, NC for Breech
		Loading Fire Arms
92	05/01/1862	C.A. McEvoy of Richmond, VA for Fuse
93	05/23/1862	C.A. McEvoy of Richmond, VA for Fuse
94	05/03/1862	W.P. Wyley (*W.B. Wylly) and A.M. Barbee of
		Savannah, GA for Railroad Car Oil Box
95	06/15/1862	James I. Roberts of White Springs, FL for
		Plough
96	05/31/1862	J.G. (*G.J.) Peterson of Marion, NC for Fire
		Arms
97	07/10/1862	Robert Buillock of South Mills, NC for
		Plough
98	07/22/1862	John Cowdon (*Cawdon) of New Orleans, LA for
		Vessel of War
99	07/22/1862	J.A. (*S.A.) LeToudal of Mobile, AL for Tent
100	07/29/1862	John M. Brooke of Richmond, VA for Ship of
		War
101	07/29/1862	James E. Watson of Petersburg, VA for
		Combined Knapsack and Tent
102	07/31/1862	John Commins of Charleston, SC for Tanning
103	08/01/1862	John Commins of Charleston, SC for Tanning
		Vat
104	08/06/1862	William S. Morris, of Lynchburg, VA for
		Composition for Galvanic Batteries
105	08/16/1862	J.M. Jackson of Columbus, MS for Chain Link
106	09/25/1862	Lucien Hopson of Lampassas, TX for
		Projectile
107	09/26/1862	John M. Brooke of Richmond, VA for
		Reversible Hook
[Pg 211]
108	09/27/1862	George Henry of Columbus, MS for Breech
		Loading Fire Arms
109	09/29/1862	J.A. LeToudal of Mobile, AL for Instrument
		for Leveling Cannon
110	10/01/1862	Augustus McBurthe of Richmond, VA for
		Waterproof Cloth
111	10/13/1862	(*10/03/1862) A.J.M.T.O. Clanton of Panola,
		MS for Breech Loading Firearms
112	10/13/1862	William Spillman of Prattville, AL for
		Bullet Machine
113	10/11/1862	William S. Winfield of Springfield, TN for
		Projectile
114	10/15/1862	(*10/14/1862) James C. Patton of Petersburg,
		VA for Submarine Battery
115	10/17/1862	John Hollander of Sutherland Springs, TX for
		Composition for Toilet Soap
116	10/17/1862	John Hollander of Sutherland Springs, TX for
		Compound for Expelling Cattle Worms
117	10/17/1862	John Hollander of Sutherland Springs, TX for
		Composition for Washing Soap
118	10/24/1862	James H. Douthatt of Montgomery, VA for
		Machine for Making Shoe Pegs
119	11/08/1862	(*11/05/1862) G.H. Whitescarver of Richmond,
		VA for Protractor
120	11/08/1862	(*11/05/1862) G.H. Whitescarver of Richmond,
		VA for Surveying Instruments
121	11/08/1862	(*11/05/1862) D.R. Williams of Richmond, VA
		for Breech Loading Cannon
122	11/10/1862	Charles Mahon of Macon, GA for Postage Stamp
		Case
123	11/15/1862	C.A. McEvoy of Richmond, VA for Fuse
124	11/13/1862	J.E. Jenkins of Pelahatchie, MS for Plough
125	11/20/1862	M. Bridges of Memphis, TN for Breech Loading
		Cannon
126	12/?/1862	Wiley Futrell of Oxford, GA for Rotary
		Plough
127	12/08/1862	J.G. Wire of New Orleans, LA for Machine for
		Operating Submarine Batteries
128	12/10/1862	James A. Cameron of Canton, MS for Varnish
129	12/11/1862	Nathaniel Nuckolls of Russell Co., AL for
		Army Canteen
130	12/30/1862	E.S. Collins of Aspinwall. VA for Wooden
		Soled Shoe
131	12/19/1862	John Henson of Fork Union, VA for Hay Press
132	12/30/1862	Joseph A. Yates of Charleston, SC for
		Machinery for Traversing Guns
133	01/03/1863	Alonzo C. Chinn of Mobile, AL for Projectile
[Pg 212]
134	01/07/1863	Henry T. Beard of Emery, MS for Composition
		for Finishing Leather
135	01/07/1863	C.A. McEvoy of Richmond, VA for Fuze
136	01/15/1863	George H. Lehner of Richmond, VA for Clamps
		for Lathes
137	01/15/1863	George H. Lehner of Richmond, VA for Turning
		Lathe
138	01/15/1863	George H. Lehner of Richmond, VA for Lathe
		Tool
139	01/15/1863	Henry G. Street of Warren Co., MS for Cotton
		Scraper and Plough
140	01/27/1863	William S. Watkins of Houston, TX for Wind
		Mill
141	01/15/1863	Lawson G. Peel of Preston, GA for Plough
142	01/20/1863	G.S. Newman, assignor to A.P. Routt
		(*Rolett), of Somerset, VA for Plough
143	01/26/1863	R.H. Barrett of Murfreesboro, NC for
		Projectile
144	01/26/1863	Thomas Ashcroft of Talledega, AL for Machine
		for Making Combs
145	02/02/1863	Charles H. Winston of Richmond, VA for
		Method of Constructing Sulphuric Acid
		Chamber
146	02/02/1863	B.H. Washington of Hannibal, MO for Lamp
		Burner
147	02/14/1863	Henry F. Cromwell of Cynthiana, KY for Gang
		Plough
148	02/14/1863	J.H. Tarply of Greensboro, NC for Breech
		Loading Fire Arms
149	02/18/1863	D.W. Hughes of Don Juan, AZ for Breech Plug
150	03/10/1863	J.A. Park of Sequin, TX for Tanning
151	03/10/1863	H. Leyden (*A. Legden) of Atlanta, GA for
		Revolving Fire Arms
152	03/13/1863	E.S. Cook of Laurel Grove, VA for Plough
153	03/13/1863	Felix Walker of New Orleans, LA for Mode of
		Packing Cotton
154	03/20/1863	N.T. Read of Danville, VA for Breech Loading
		Fire Arms
155	03/23/1863	James E. Hanger of Staunton, VA for
		Artificial Limb
156	03/26/1863	George H. Lehner of Richmond, VA for Sewing
		Machine Shuttle
157	03/31/1863	W.D. Mason of Jarratt's Depot, VA for Water
		Wheel
158	04/06/1863	George H. Lenher of Richmond, VA for Lathe
159	04/16/1863	O.L. Bayley (*Bailey) of Dallas, TX for Gang
		Ploughs
160	04/15/1863	Thomas H. Bacon of Hannibal, MO for
		Projectile
161	04/15/1863	Ellison Yerby of Richmond, VA for Machine
		for Filling Cartridges
162	04/18/1863	John J. Daly of New Orleans, LA for
		Instrument for Measuring Distances
[Pg 213]
163	04/18/1863	C.W. Alexander of Moorfield, VA for Breech
		Loading Fire Arms
164	04/20/1863	John B. Norris of Clark Co., VA for Fire
		Tongs
165	05/01/1863	T.L. Jones of Natchez, MS for Cotton Tie
166	05/01/1863	T.L. Jones of Natchez, MS for Cotton Tie
167	05/01/1863	(*05/21/1863) Robert Creuzbaur of Travis
		Co., TX for Wood Soled Shoe
168	05/04/1863	F.D. Lee of Charleston, SC for Spar Torpedo
169	05/06/1863	R.S. Dunning of Atlanta, GA for Machine for
		Cutting Irregular Forms
170	05/09/1863	George H. Lehner of Richmond, VA for Sewing
		Machine Shuttle
171	05/20/1863	(*05/21/1863) Sylvester L. Burford of
		Lynchburg, VA for Wooden Shoe Sole
172	05/25/1863	Alfred L. Bowen of Winchester, VA for Button
		Machine
173	05/25/1863	F.F. Taber of Atlanta, GA for Process of
		Producing Stearine from Tallow
174	05/25/1863	William Le Roy Browne of Ivy Depot, VA for
		Fuze
175	05/26/1863	Charles C. Bier of New Orleans, LA for
		Cotton Tie
176	06/05/1863	Isidor P. Girardy of Augusta, GA for Fuze
177	06/05/1863	A.C. Elder of Winnsboro, SC for Churn
178	06/10/1863	Asa George of Charlotte, NC for Revolving
		Fire Arm
179	06/18/1863	S.A. Hinkel of Lewisburg, VA for Tanning
180	06/22/1863	William H. Wilson of Staunton, VA for Match
		Cutting Machine
181	07/10/1863	Benjamin M. Cook of Kinston, NC for
		Explosive Apparatus
182	07/15/1863	Albert Bloomer, assignor to W.N. Smith of
		Richmond, VA for Fuze Gauge and Cutter
183	07/15/1863	John Stillwell of Griffin, GA for Churn
184	07/22/1863	Charles Knowlton of Talboton, GA for Machine
		for Cutting Shoe Pegs
185	07/22/1863	Phillip E. Love of Augusta, GA for
		Projectile
186	07/25/1863	Miles Waterhouse and William Wheelan
		(*Whealan) of Charlotte, NC for Varnish
187	08/05/1863	A. Barbarin of New Orleans, LA for Torpedo
188	08/05/1863	(*08/10/1863) Homer Holland of Charlotte, NC
		for Process of Producing Copperas
189	08/10/1863	Hughes, Pendergrass and Snow of Monroe, GA
		for Loom
190	08/10/1863	Martin B. Tyler of Richmond, VA for Hominy
		Mill
[Pg 214]
191	08/22/1863	H. Conner of Mobile, AL for Projectile
192	08/22/1863	H. Conner of Mobile, AL for Breech Loading
		Cannon
193	08/25/1863	A.F. Volck of Nuremburg, Bavaria for Bust of
		Lt. Gen. T.J. Jackson, Design
194	08/25/1863	R.J. White and George Lehner of Richmond, VA
		for Bullet Machine
195	08/28/1863	Robert Creuzbaur (*Creugbaur) of Austin, TX
		for Wooden Sole Shoe
196	08/28/1863	Robert Creuzbaur (*Creugbaur) of Austin, TX
		for Half Wooden Sole Shoe
197	08/31/1863	Robert Creuzbaur (*Creugbaur) of Austin, TX
		for Torpedo
198	09/21/1863	Z. McDaniel of Glasgow, KY for Torpedo
199	09/10/1863	Thomas Morse of Richmond, VA for Breech
		Loading Firearm
200	09/15/1863	E.C. Singer of Port Lavaca, TX for Torpedo
201	08/18/1863	James E. Hanger of Staunton, VA for
		Artificial Leg
202	09/21/1863	Z. McDaniel of Glasgow, KY for Torpedo
203	09/24/1863	B.H. Washington of Hannibal, MO for Machine
		for Casting Friction Tubes
204	10/06/1863	James Peeler of Bartow, GA for Method of
		Repairing Cotton Cards
205	10/07/1863	William H. Hamilton of Mobile, AL for Candle
		Moulding Machine
206	10/10/1863	E.S. Alexander of Moorfield, VA for Spur
207	10/13/1863	George S. Smith of Keysville, VA for Loom
208	10/19/1863	Henry Fitzgerald of Norfolk, VA for
		Fertilizer
209	10/24/1863	W.N. (*W.H.) Smith of Richmond, VA for Cap
		Filling Machine
210	10/26/1863	Isaac Mitchell of Columbus, GA for Cotton
		Seed Huller
211	10/25/1863	(*10/28/1863) C. Williams of St. Louis, MO
		for Submarine Apparatus
212	10/29/1863	B.H. Washington of Hannibal, MO for Bullet
		Swaging Machine
213	10/31/1863	B.H. Washington of Hannibal, MO for Machine
		for Cutting and Serrating Friction Wire
214	11/05/1863	B.H. Washington of Hannibal, MO for Machine
		for Finishing Cannon
215	11/04/1863	E. Kempe, assignor to himself and Daniel
		Hagerty, of Richmond, VA for Grease Lamp
216	11/18/1863	B.H. Washington of Hannibal, MO for
		Automatic Lathe
[Pg 215]
217	11/27/1863	(*11/21/1863) Benjamin F. Holloway of
		Mobile, AL for Loom
218	11/23/1863	B.H. Washington of Hannibal, MO for Machine
		for Casting Cannon
219	11/24/1863	Louisiana Boykin of Glenville, AL for Mode
		of Preserving Meat
220	12/24/1863	(*12/14/1863) J.P. Shaw, assignor to W.T.
		Chaffee, of Richmond, VA for Horse Shoe
		Machine
221	12/29/1863	A.C. Jackson of Richmond, VA for Lubricating
		Compound
222	01/02/1864	C.F. Richbourg of Gadsden, SC for
		Manufacture of Bagging
223	01/06/1864	R.H.S. Thompson of New Orleans, LA for
		Projectile
224	01/21/1864	Harry A. Bennet of Mecklenburg C.H., VA for
		Churn Dasher
225	01/27/1864	John Scott of Ocala, FL for Truss
226	01/27/1864	John Scott of Ocala, FL for Projectile
227	02/05/1864	R.S. Sanxay and A. Gomert of Richmond, VA
		for Photographic Process for Duplicating
		Maps
228	02/08/1864	Thomas C. Brown of Ballsville, VA for Sugar
		Cane Crusher
229	02/10/1864	J.E. Garlington of Chambers C.H., AL for
		Water Boiler
230	02/13/1864	John R. Maben of Allen Creek, VA for Machine
		for Cutting Shoe Pegs
231	02/26/1864	C.E. Smart, Owings, and Taylor of Richmond,
		VA for Instruments for Fixing Sights to
		Cannon
232	02/29/1864	George W. Powell of Clay Hill, AL for Breech
		Loading Cannon
233	03/12/1864	J.E. Cargill of Columbus, GA for Ink
		Composition
234	03/16/1864	John H. and J.C. Carlisle of Ringwood, NC
		for Instrument for Crooking Card Teeth
235	03/29/1864	Y.A. Minnis of Franklinton, NC for Water
		Wheel
236	03/30/1864	J.C. Patton and E. Cuthbert of Petersburg,
		VA for Torpedoes
237	04/02/1864	M.L. Parry of Galveston, TX for Steam
		Condenser
238	04/07/1864	David S. Cordle of Richmond, VA for Chain
		Link
239	04/09/1864	J.E. Garlington of Chambers C.H., AL for
		Bridge
240	04/15/1864	J.D. Gresit of Urbana, VA for Instrument for
		Calculating Distances
241	04/18/1864	F.G. Smith of Columbia, TN for Sea-Going
		Vessel
242	04/20/1864	B.H. Washington of Hannibal, MO for Machine
		for Making Wood Joints
[Pg 216]
243	04/27/1864	J.B. Gayle of Larinburg, NC for Mode of
		Turning Eccentrics for Railroads
244	05/06/1864	John H. and J.C. Carlisle of Ringwood, NC
		for Instrument for Renovating Card Teeth
245	05/20/1864	A. Barbarin of New Orleans, LA for Torpedo
246	06/31/1864	A.D. McCoy of Livingston, AL for Combined
		Bed and Tent
247	01/04/1864	David Rawl of Lexington C.H., SC for Machine
		for Carding Cotton
248	07/11/1864	William Moon of Richmond, VA for Clock
		Torpedo
249	07/21/1864	James Price, assignor to J. and J.W. Tomkins
		of Tucker's Pond, SC for Tanning
250	08/11/1864	G.W. and J.H. Wells of Charlottesville, VA
		for Artificial Leg
251	07/12/1864	Anna Lewis, executrix of John Lewis, dec'd
		of Greensboro, NC for Machine for Ginning,
		Carding, and Spinning Cotton
252	08/16/1864	Albert Strasser of Montgomery, AL for
		Artificial Leg
253	08/25/1864	James D. Layton of Memphis, TN for
		Projectile
254	08/29/1864	B.H. Washington of Hannibal, MO for
		Stethoscopic Probe
255	09/06/1864	C. Williams of St. Louis, MO for Torpedo
256	09/07/1864	C. Williams of St. Louis, MO for Torpedo
257	10/05/1864	Richard M. Harvey of New Orleans, LA for
		Torpedo
258	10/06/1864	C. Williams of St. Louis, MO for Submarine
		Boat
259	10/25/1864	George W. Rains of Augusta, GA for Gunpowder
		Steaming Barrels
260	10/26/1864	J.C. Patton of Petersburg, VA for Torpedo
261	10/25/1864	C. Williams of St. Louis, MO for Submarine
		Boat
262	11/10/1864	D.M. Somers and H. Dabney of Lynchburg, VA
		for Projectile
263	11/16/1864	Thomas B. Taylor of Montgomery, AL for
		Machine for Making Cotton Rolls
264	11/22/1864	A.T. Purejoy of Forrestville, NC for Wooden
		Shoe Sole
265	11/23/1864	A.T. Purejoy of Forrestville, NC for Binding
		Last
266	10/17/1864	W.N. Smith of Richmond, VA for Percussion
		Cap Rammer
REISSUE
RE1	10/28/1863	C. Williams of St. Louis, MO for Submarine
		Apparatus

[Pg 217]
EXAMPLE OF A CONFEDERATE PATENT

Confederate States of America Patent No. 100
filed May 2, 1862; issued June 29, 1862

No. 100
Confederate States of America

To all to whom these letters patent shall come:

Whereas John M. Brooke, of Richmond, Virginia, has alleged that he has invented a new and useful improvement in ships of war, which he states has not been known or used before his application; has made oath that he is a citizen of the Confederate States; that he does verily believe that he is the original and first inventor or discoverer of the said improvement, and that the same hath not, to the best of his knowledge and belief, been previously known or used; has paid into the treasury of the Confederate States the sum of forty dollars, and has presented a petition to the Commissioner of Patents, signifying a desire of obtaining an exclusive property in the said improvement, and praying that a patent may be granted for that purpose:

These are, therefore, to grant according to law to the said John M. Brooke, his heirs, administrators or assigns, for the term of fourteen years from the 29th of July, 1862, the full and exclusive right, and liberty of making, constructing, using, and vending to others to be used, the said improvement, a description whereof is given in the words of the said Brooke in the schedule hereunto annexed, and is made a part of these presents.

In testimony whereof, I have caused these letters to be made patent, and the seal of the Patent Office has been hereunto affixed.

Given under my hand at the city of
Richmond, this 29th day of July,
in the year of our Lord 1862

(signed) T.H. Watts
Attorney General

Countersigned and sealed with the
seal of the Patent Office.

Rufus R. Rhodes
Commissioner of Patents

[Page 217 illustration: Seal of the Confederate Patent Office [portrait of Jefferson Davis and legend "Our First President", surrounded by "Seal of the Patent Office" and "Confederate States of America"]

[Pg 218]
[Annexed specification:]

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, John M. Brooke, a lieutenant in the Navy of the Confederate States, have invented a new and improved form of vessel, to be iron-clad, and if desired (armed) with cannon; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof, reference being had to the annexed drawings making a part of this specification in which Figure I is a deck plan; Figure II a sheer plan, and Figure III a body plan.

The nature of my invention consists in so constructing the hull of the vessel that her bow and stern A and B, Figures I and II, shall each extend beyond the forward and after ends of the shield C, which protects crew and guns, sufficiently to give the sharpness necessary to the attainment of high speed, and the buoyancy to support the weight of iron covering the shield and sides of the vessel without increase of draft. Being submerged, all that part of the hull not covered by the shield is protected by the water from the projectiles of an enemy. The shield proposed for such improved form of vessel is of wood, covered on the exterior with iron, the surface inclined at such an angle as will permit the guns to be worked in the usual manner and yet deflect projectiles impinging upon it. This angle will be between 40ø and 50ø. The eaves of the shield may be about two feet under water. To divide and prevent the water over the submerged part of the vessel from banking up at the forward or after ends of the shield in going ahead or astern, thereby retarding her progress and perhaps preventing the use of the bow or stern gun, a false bow and stern or tanks are constructed upon the submerged portion of the vessel corresponding more or less in form with the hull below. The false bow and stern may be decked, in which case they should not be so high above water as to interfere with firing of the bow and stern guns. These tanks may be used as reservoirs of water by which the draft of the vessel may be regulated at will. The stem, being submerged, may be fitted as a ram to strike the wooden bottoms of iron-clad vessels. This plan of construction is applicable in plating effectually ships built in the usual manner; it being simply necessary to remove the upper works and to cut them down forward and abaft the shield sufficiently to submerge the ends when down to the load-line, as illustrated in the case of the Confederate States steamer Virginia, which vessel was constructed in accordance with the plan herein set forth, furnished by me on the 23rd day of June, 1861, to the Honorable S.R. Mallory, Secretary of the Navy, to William P. Williamson, Chief-Engineer Confederate States Navy, and John L. Porter, Constructor Confederate States Navy, the two latter having been directed by the Honorable Secretary of the Navy, in conjunction with myself, to devise an iron-clad vessel. And this plan was applied to the Merrimac [Pg 219] in preference to constructing a new vessel of eight or ten feet draft, in consequence of the impossibility of procuring in time boilers and engines suitable to the purpose. The boilers of the Merrimac were good, and as the chief-engineer was of opinion that the engines could be speedily repaired, it was considered expedient to apply the plan to her.

Claim

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by letters patent, consists in so constructing the hull of a vessel that her bow and stern shall each extend under water beyond the forward and after ends of the shield C, which protects the crew and guns, sufficiently to give the sharpness necessary to the attainment of high speed and the buoyancy to support the weight of iron applied without an inconvenient increase of draft.
John M. Brooke
Lieutenant C.S. Navy

Witnesses:
George Minor, Commander, C.S.N.
Charles J. Ost

[Annexed drawings]

{Page 219 illustration: The three figures from the Brooke patent}


[Pg 220]
EXAMPLE OF A CIVIL-WAR ERA UNITED STATES PATENT [footnote 2]

United States of America Patent No. 35,846
Issued July 8, 1862
No. 35,846
The United States of America


To All to Whom These Letters Patent Shall Come:

Whereas, Theodore R. Timby of Worcester, Massachusetts, has alleged that he has invented a new and useful Improvement in Revolving Battery-Towers, which he states has not been known or used before his application, has made oath that he is a Citizen of the United States, that he does verily believe that he is the original and first inventor or discoverer of the said Improvement and that the same hath not, to the best of his knowledge and belief been previously known or used, has paid into the treasury of the United States the sum of Thirty dollars and presented a petition to the Commissioner of Patents signifying a desire of obtaining an exclusive property in the said Improvement and praying that a patent may be granted for that purpose,

These are Therefore to grant according to law to the said Theodore R. Timby, his heirs, administrators or assigns for the term of seventeen years from the eighth day of July one thousand eight hundred and sixty two the full and exclusive right and liberty of making, constructing, using and vending to others to be used the said Improvement, a description whereof is given in the words of the said Theodore R. Timby in the schedule hereunto annexed and is made a part of these presents,

In Testimony whereof, I have caused these Letters to be made Patent and the Seal of the Patent Office has been hereunto affixed, Given under my hand at the City of Washington this eighth day of July in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty two and of the Independence of the United States of America the eighty seventh.

Caleb B. Smith
Secretary of the Interior

Countersigned and sealed with the
Seal of the Patent Office

[Page 220 illustration: Seal of the U.S. Patent Office]

David P. Holloway
Commissioner of Patents


[Pg 221]
[Annexed schedule]
To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Theodore R. Timby, of Worcester, in the county of Worcester and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Revolving Towers, to be stationed on land or water for defensive or offensive warfare; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear and exact description of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification, in which

Figure 1 is an elevation of the tower, showing the embrasures and lookout; Fig. 2, a vertical section of the same; Fig. 3, a perspective view of the bed-plate and central shaft with its appendages; and Fig. 4, a top view of the commander's platform with its fixtures of telescope sight, hand-wheel, and signal-pulls.

In a revolving tower without special provisions the commander's platform or station must be fixed thereto and revolve therewith. When, therefore, it is desirable to concentrate the fire upon a fixed point or object, this necessitates, if that officer would keep his vision upon the object attacked, his constant progression in a direction contrary to that of the revolution of the tower. So, too, if the commander would keep a vigilant watch in all directions, as would be requisite in an attack upon water, or in an attack from both land and water, for instance, he would be compelled to fly from one point to another, and often, in consequence of the opposition revolution of the tower, his progress might be fatally retarded. It is my present purpose to overcome these difficulties, and with this view I combine with my revolving tower a central independently revolving shaft, upon the top of which, and in close proximity to the lookout, is arranged the commander's platform or station, which is under his constant control, and may at his option be revolved to the right or the left, or suffered to remain stationary, no matter what may be the condition of motion imparted to the tower, or whether it be in a state of rest.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe its construction and operation.

My revolving tower, whether placed on land or water, is constructed entirely of iron or steel plates of any desirable thickness either in the particulars or aggregate; or it may be backed up or lined with timber, or with other suitable material. Its form may be cylindrical or conico-cylindrical, a truncated cone, or a pyramid, and it should be covered with a bombproof roofing, having a lookout at or near the top of the tower, which latter may consist of a slot or aperture through the walls or ramparts around its entire circumference, interrupted only at such points as is necessary to support the roof, which may be dome-formed, or something in the shape of a flattened bell, in which case, if preferred, the lookout may be formed through the barrel thereof. The tower may have one or more tiers of guns, but it will be found generally that one tier is all that a sea-going vessel will need or bear. The guns slide in and out of battery upon radial ways, and of course [Pg 222] their extreme number in each tier will be regulated by the circumference of the walls. The tower revolves upon its foundation or base around its vertical axis by steam or other power, and through the instrumentality of well-known or other mechanical agents, so that all its guns may be concentrated upon any point of the compass, follow a moving object, or attack a stationary one, the time occupied in the revolution of the tower being sufficient to allow the guns to cool for repeated discharges. From within a hollow pivot which forms the eye or center of the foundation or base of the tower, and around which the tower revolves, rises a [Pg 223] vertical shaft having proper bearings, whose top bears the commander's platform or station, and to which an independent rotation is given by means of a shaft with a hand-wheel attached to its upper end, extending down along the central shaft from the commander's station to a fixed collar attached to the said central shaft, where it is stepped, and has, a little above the step, a pinion which gears into a circular rack on the inside of the hollow pivot. This arrangement admits of an independent revolution of the platform at the will and by the exertion of the commander, and he can, of course, turn himself to any point desired while the tower continues its separate revolution or remains still.

[Page 222 illustration: Figure 1 of Timby patent]

[Page 223 illustration: Figure 2 of Timby patent[
[Pg 224]
Such is a general description of the improvement I now claim as new.

I shall next proceed to specify those elementary constituents which give to my combination its vitality, not meaning by this to limit myself to the exact mechanical means described for imparting independent action to the tower and central shaft, nor to confine myself to the precise arrangement represented, but to signify that, having pointed out and described one method of carrying into effect my invention, I shall claim all methods when the joint and individual operation of my tower and central shaft is as indicated.

[Page 224 illustration: Figures 3 and 4 of Timby patent]
[Pg 225]
In the case of a land-tower the ground is excavated for the purpose of receiving the strong masonry or iron foundation necessary to support the central railway-tracks A A', but for a water-tower the tracks, consisting of two concentric castings, cast whole or in sections, are located about three feet below the deck of the floating battery or gun-boat, so that only about two-thirds of the attitude of the tower will be exposed above. From the center of this foundation, or from the center of the track, rises the pivot or short shaft B, which is cast or otherwise made hollow to receive the circular rack a, pinion b, and shafts c and d. The driving-shaft D, carrying the pinion E, has its bearing in the foundation upon which the railway-tracks are laid, and extends to the motor, which is situated from under the tower a proper distance, and on land is located in a bomb-proof vault. To the base of the tower is fastened the large wheel F, by means of the hangers c, having teeth on its under face with which the teeth of the pinion E mesh. The tracks A A' being of unequal radii, the friction rollers d revolve, each series independently of the other, on the shafts e, whose bearings are in the base of the revolving tower and in the hangers g. Friction-rollers l are also arranged around the well G, bearing against the pivot or short shaft B, to prevent lateral deflection of the tower as well as to lessen friction. The well or curb G, which is constructed concentrically with the axis of the tower, receives at its base the hollow pivot or shaft B, and through it and the hollow pivot or shaft passes the shaft C, which is stepped at h, and carries upon its upper end the platform H with its curb I, upon which the commander stands and turns himself to any desired point of the compass by means of the hand-wheel i, whose shaft C', extending along down side the shaft C, is stepped in the fixed collar or bearing k, and carries the pinion d, which meshes with the circular rack a. A lookout, m, is cut in the barrel of the dome above the commander's station or through any other point thereof, or through the top of the rampart or outer wall, the circumference of the platform H being increased and its elevation diminished accordingly.

From this description it will be observed that the commander of the tower may have an unobstructed view, the lookout m being practically unobstructed during the entire revolution of the tower, and that he may change the direction of his view at will or remain stationary, and this independently of the revolution of the tower.

Having thus described my invention and pointed out the manner in which it operates, what I claim therein as new, or desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is --

A revolving tower for land or water, designed for offensive or defensive warfare, when combined with an independently rotating shaft, upon the top of which is arranged the commander's platform or station, as described.
Theodore R. Timby

Witnesses:
John H. Shugert
Edm. F. Brown


[Pg 226] FINDING COPIES OF CIVIL-WAR ERA PATENTS

Although at least 266 patents were issued by the Confederate Patent Office, almost all of the records in the office were destroyed in the Evacuation Day fire near the end of the war. A copy of the specification and drawings for the individual patents was attached to the original patent document as issued to the inventor. Surprisingly few of these documents have been located, probably fewer than ten, although there may be many more in trunks in attics across the South. The general rule is, if you want a particular Confederate patent, you probably cannot find it.

Patents issued by the United States Patent Office (or Union Patent Office) during the war years (and before and after the war years) are much more accessible. Printed copies of almost all of the patents issued since 1836, and some issued before 1836, are available in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) Public Search Room in Arlington, Virginia, in chronological order on microfilm, and also classified according to subject matter. These same patents are available, either in bound volumes or on microfilm, in Patent Depositories throughout the country. The locations of such depositories is given in each weekly issue of the Official Gazette of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. If one knows the patent number or date of issue of a patent being sought, a copy of the patent can be easily obtained. In fact, if the patent number is known, the PTO will currently supply a copy of it for $3.00 by mail. This price, which was once five cents during the 1930s, is still subject to change.

There are easy indexes for twentieth century patents which allow one to find a patent knowing only the inventor's name or even the assignee's name. However, for patents from the Civil War era, and for some years afterwards, there are no easy indexes by inventor's name. The best that can be done is to go to the Annual Report of the Commissioner of Patents year by year, where an annual index by inventor's name is given. A nearly complete set of these reports is available on open shelves in the Public Search Room in Arlington. A complete set is available in the National Archives, recently in the main Archives building next to Archives Metro Station on Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, D.C. Some of the records of the Archives are about to be moved to suburban Maryland, and whether these reports are to be among those moved is not clear.

The original files for issued patents are sometimes preserved, and arrangements can be made in the Attorney's Room at the Public Search Room in the PTO to see these files. There is much delay in obtaining old files, and a trip to the National Archives in Suitland, Maryland, may be necessary.



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